Our planet's lithosphere is broken into several tectonic plates. Their configuration is ever-shifting, as supercontinents are assembled and broken up, and oceans form, grow, and then start to close in ...

In subduction zones, the sites of the world's largest earthquakes, tectonic activity may generate a "pump" that transports ...

One of the main achievements in the Earth science is the development of plate tectonics theory in the 20 th century. It successfully explains the generation and extinction of oceanic plate from ...

Map highlighting the Atlantic subduction zones, the fully developed Lesser Antilles and Scotia arcs on the western side and the incipient Gibraltar arc on the eastern side. From Duarte et al., 2018.

The biological carbon pump moves carbon from near the ocean's surface to deeper regions, maintaining the upper ocean's ...