The center of a tree or shrub stem (from roots to trunk, branches, and twigs) is woody, composed of xylem cells that conduct water from the roots to the upper parts of the tree. That woody section is ...

Don't stress if you have a tree that's not looking its best in the bark department. You can save a tree with damaged bark by first assessing the type of damage. Once you know the severity, you have a ...

Studies show that tannins extracted from native tree bark can be used to produce adhesives and composite materials. An additional area of application might be 3D printing. Studies conducted by the ...

The Native American art of birch bark biting requires practitioners to envision a design while biting down on a folded strip of thin, pliable tree bark. Birch bark biters punch small holes in the bark ...